英语近义次词区别请各位帮个忙啊!
副业英语怎么写英语根据词缀判断词性
occupation:
用以成为某个正常的生活来源的一项活动;行业
An activity that serves as one\'s regular source of livelihood; a vocation.
职业:用以成为某个正常的生活来源的一项活动;行业
An activity engaged in especially as a means of passing time; an avocation.
副业:尤指以此来消耗时间的一项活动;兼差
business:
职业,行业:一个人所从事的职业、工作或行业,
The occupation, work, or trade in which a person is engaged:
职业,行业:一个人所从事的职业、工作或行业:
the wholesale food business.
食品批发行业
A specific occupation or pursuit:
行业,业务:特殊的职业或工作:
the best designer in the business.
该行业最好的设计师
profession,
是指受过良好严格长期教育才能担任的工作,
An occupation requiring considerable training and specialized study:
职业:需要大量训练和专门学习的行业:
the professions of law, medicine, and engineering.
法律、医学、工程的职业
The body of qualified persons in an occupation or field:
同业,同行:某一职业或领域内有资格的人的整体:
members of the teaching profession.
教师行业的人员
employment
则表示仅受雇佣的关系
The act of employing.
雇佣:雇佣的行为
The state of being employed.
被雇佣的状态
The work in which one is engaged; occupation.
某人所从事的工作;职业
An activity to which one devotes time.
(某人)从事的活动:某人所投入时间的活动
The percentage or number of people gainfully employed:
就业率,受雇人数:受雇百分比或人数:,
一.常见的前缀
1.表示否定意义的前缀
1)纯否定前缀 a, an, asymmetry(不对称)anhydrous(无水的) dis dishonest, dislike in, ig, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular ne, n, none, neither, never non, noesense neg, neglect un unable, unemployment
2)表示错误的意义male, mal, malfunction, maladjustment(失调) mis, mistake, mislead pseudo, pseudonym(假名), pseudoscience
3)表示反动作的意思de, defend, demodulation(解调) dis, disarm, disconnect un, unload, uncover
4)表示相反, 相互对立意思anti, ant antiknock(防震), antiforeign,(排外的) contra, contre, contro, contradiction, controflow(逆流) counter, counterreaction, counterbalance ob, oc, of, op, object, oppose, occupy with, withdraw, withstand
2.表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀
1)a表示“在……之上”,“向……” aboard, aside,
2)by表示“附近,邻近,边侧” bypath, bypass(弯路)
3)circum, circu,表示“周围,环绕,回转” circumstance, circuit
4)de,表示“在下,向下” descend, degrade
5)en,表示“在内,进入” encage, enbed(上床)
6)ex, ec, es,表示“外部,外” exit, eclipse, expand, export
7)extra,表示“额外” extraction (提取)
8)fore表示“在前面” forehead, foreground
9)in, il, im, ir,表示“向内,在内,背于” inland, invade, inside, import
10)inter, intel,表示“在……间,相互” international, interaction, internet
11)intro,表示“向内,在内,内侧” introduce, introduce
12)medi, med, mid,表示“中,中间” Mediterranean, midposition
13)out,表示“在上面,在外部,在外” outline, outside, outward
14)over,表示“在上面,在外部,向上” overlook, overhead, overboard
15)post,表示\"向后,在后边,次” postscript(附言),
16)pre,表示\"在前”在前面” prefix, preface, preposition
17)pro,表示“在前,向前” progress, proceed,
18)sub, suc, suf, sug, sum, sup, sur, sus,表示“在下面,下” subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplement
19)super, sur,表示“在…..之上” superficial, surface, superstructure
20)trans,表示“移上,转上,在那一边” translate, transform, transoceanic
21)under,表示“在…..下面,下的” underline, underground, underwater
22)up,表示“向上,向上面,在上” upward, uphold, uphill(上坡)
3.表示时间,序列关系的前缀
1)ante, anti,表示“先前,早于,预先” antecedent, anticipate,
2)ex,表示“先,故,旧” expresident, exhusband
3)fore,表示“在前面,先前,前面” foreward, dorecast, foretell(预言)
4)mid, medi,表示“中,中间” midnight, midsummer
5)post\"表示“在后,后” postwar,
6)pre, pri,表示“在前,事先,预先” preheat, prewar, prehistory
7)pro,表示“在前,先,前” prologue(序幕),prophet(预言家)
8)re,表示“再一次,重新” retell, rewrite
4.表示比较程度差别关系的前缀
1)by,表示“副,次要的” byproduct, bywork(副业)
2)extra,表示“超越,额外” extraordinary,
3)hyper表示“超过,极度” hypersonic(超声波), hypertesion(高血压)
4)out,表示“超过,过分” outdo(超过), outbid(出价过高的人)
5)over,表示“超过,过度,太” overeat, overdress, oversleep
6) sub, suc, sur,表示“低,次,副,亚” subeditor, subordinate, subtropical(亚热带)
7)super, sur表示“超过” supernature, superpower, surplus, surpass
8)under,表示“低劣,低下” undersize, undergrown, underproduction(生产不足)
9)vice表示“副,次” vicepresident, vicechairman
5.表示共同,相等意思的前缀
1)com, cop, con, cor, co表示“共同,一起”。 connect, combine, collect, combat, coexist, cooperate
2)syn, syl,sym,表示“同,共,和,类” symmetry, sympathy, synthesis(合成)
6.表示整个完全意思的前缀
1)al表示“完整,完全”alone, almost, 2) over表示“完全,全”overall, overflow(充满) 3) pan表示“全,总,万”panentheism(泛神论),panorama
7.表示分离,离开意思的前缀
1)a ab, abs,表示“分离,离开” away, apart, abstract, abstain 2)de表示“离去,处去”depart, decolour, 3)dis, di, dif,表示“分离,离开” divorce, disarm(缴械) 4)ex, e,表示“离开,分离”expel, exclude, expatriate(驱出国外) 5)for表示“离开,脱离”forget, forgive 6)表示“离开”release, resolve 7)表示“分离,隔离”separate, seduce, select
8.表示通过,遍及意思的前缀
1)dia, 表示“通过,横过”diameter, diagram, 2)per, pel,表示“通,总,遍”perfect, perform, pervade(浸透) 3)trans,表示“横过,贯通”transparent, transmit, transport
9.表示加强意思的前缀
a, arouse, ashamed ad, adjoin, adhere(粘着)
10.表示变换词类作用的前缀
be, befriend, en, enslave, enable, enrich ad, ac, af, ag, an, ap, ar, as, at, adapt, accord, affix, aggression, arrive, assist, attend, attract, arrange, assign(委派)
11.表示数量关系的前缀
1)表示“单一”,“一” mon, mon, monotone(单调),monopoly, monarch uni, un, uniform, unicellular(单细胞)
2)表示“二,两,双” ambi, ambiguous, amphibian(两栖类) bi, bin bicycle, di, diode(二级管), twi, twilight
3)表示“十”deca, deco, dec deci, decade, decimals
4)表示\"百,百分子一\" hecto, hect, hectometer, centi, centimeter
5)表示\"千,千分子一” kilo, kilometer
6)表示\"万,万分子一” myria, myri, myriametre mega, meg, megabyte micro, microvolt (微伏特)
7)表示\"许多,复,多数” multi, mult, multipmetre (万用表) poly, polysyllable,
8)表示“半,一半”
hemi, hemisphere demi, demiofficial semi, semiconductor, semitransparent pene, pen, peninsula
12.表示特殊意义的前缀
1)arch ,表示“首位,第一的,主要的”architect, archbishop 2)auto,表示“自己,独立,自动”automobile, autobiography 3)bene,表示“善,福”benefit 4)eu,表示“优,美好”eugenics(优生学),euphemism 5)male, mal表示“恶,不良”maltreatment, malodor, 6)macro,表示“大,宏大”macroscopic(宏观) 7)magni,表示“大”magnificent 8)micro,表示“微”microscope
13.表示术语的前缀
1)aud,表示 “听,声”audience, 2)bio,表示“生命,生物”biography(传记) 3)ge,表示“地球,大地”geography 4)phon,表示“声,音调”phonograph 5)tele,表示“远离”television, telephone
二.常见的后缀
1.名词后缀
(1)具有某种职业或动作的人
1)an, ain,表示\"……地方的人,精通……的人”American, historian, 2)al,表示\"具有……职务的人\" principal, 3)ant,ent,表示\"……者” merchant, agent, servant, student, 4)ar,表示\"……的人” scholar, liar, peddler 5)ard, art,表示\"做……的人”coward, laggard, braggart(夸张者) 6)arian,表示\"……派别的人, ……主义的人”humanitarian, vegetarian 7)ary,表示\"从事……的人\" secretary, missionary 8)ant,表示\"具有……职责的人\" candidate, graduate 9)ator,表示\"做……的人\" educator, speculator(投机者) 10)crat,表示\"某种政体,主义的支持者\" democrat, bureaucrat 11)ee,表示\"动作承受者\" employee, examinee 12)eer,表示\"从事于……人\" engineer, volunteer 13)er,表示\"从事某种职业的人,某地区,地方的人\" banker, observer, Londoner, villager 14)ese,表示\" ……国人,…..地方的人”Japanese, Cantonese 15)ess,表示\"阴性人称名词, actress, hostess, manageress 16)eur,表示\"……家” amateur, littérateur 17)ian,表示\"……地方人,信仰…….教的人,从事……职业的人”Christian, physician(内科医生),musician 18)ician,表示\"精通者, ……家,”electrician, magician, technician 19)icist,表示\"……家, …….者, …….能手”physicist, phoneticist, technicist 20)ic,表示\"……者,……师\" mechanic, critic 21)ie,表示\"爱,指小\" dearie, auntie, lassie(小姑娘) 22)ier,表示\"从事……职业” cavalier, clothier, brazier(黄铜匠) 23)ine, ian,表示\"阴性人称\" heroine, ballerina 24)ist,表示\"从事……研究者,信仰……主义者\" pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist 25)ive,表示\"动作者,行为者” native, captive 26)logist,表示\"……学家,研究者\" biologist, geologist(地质学家) 27)or,表示\"……者\" author, doctor, operator, 28)ster,表示\"做…….事情的人”youngster, gamester(赌徒),songster 29)yer,表示\"从事……职业者” lawyer
(2).构成,具有抽象名词的含义
1)acy,表示\"性质,状态,境遇\" accuracy, diplomacy 2)age,表示\"状态,行为,身份及其结果,总称\" courage, storage, marriage 3)al, a)表示\"事物的动作,过程”refusal, arrival, survival, denial, approval b)表示具体的事物manual, signal, editorial, journal 4)ance, ence表示\"性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” endurance, importance, diligence, difference, obedience 5)ancy, ency,表示\"性质,状态,行为,过程\" frequency, urgency, efficiency, 6)bility,表示\"动作,性质,状态\" possibility, feasibility, 7)craft,表示\"工艺,技巧” woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft(治国策) 8)cracy,表示\"统治,支配\" bureaucracy, democracy 9)cy,表示\"性质,状态,职位,级别\" bankruptcy(破产),supremacy 10)dom,表示\"等级,领域,状态\" freedom, kingdom, wisdom 11)ery, ry,表示\"行为,状态,习性\" bravery, bribery, rivalry 12)ety,表示\"性质,状态” variety, dubiety(怀疑) 13)faction, facture,表示\"作成,……化,作用\" satisfaction, manufacture 14)hood,表示\"资格,身份,年纪,状态\" childhood, manhood, falsehood 15)ice,表示\"行为,性质,状态\" notice, justice, service 16)ine,表示\"带有抽象概念\" medicine, discipline, famine 17)ing,表示\"动作的过程,结果\" building, writing, learning 18)ion, sion, tion, ation, ition,表示\"行为的过程,结果,状况\" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction 19)ise,表示\"性质,状态” exercise, merchandise(商业) 20)ism,表示\"制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为\" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism 21)ity,表示\"性质,状态,程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity 22)ment,表示\"行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument 23)mony,表示\"动作的结果,状态\" ceremony, testimony 24)ness,表示\"性质,状态,程度\" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness 25)or, our,表示\"动作,性质,状态\" favor, error, 26)osity,表示\"动作,状态” curiosity 27)ship,表示\"情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship, membership, friendship 28)th,表示\"动作,性质,过程,状态\" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth 29)tude,表示\"性质,状态,程度\" latitude, altitude(海拔) 30)ure,表示\"行为,结果\" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续), 31)y,表示\"行为的结果,状态,性质” glory, history, victory, inquiry
(3)带有场所,地方的含义
1)age,表示\"住所,地点\" village, cottage 2)ary,表示\"住所,场地\" library, granary (谷仓) 3)ery, ry,表示\"工作场所,饲养所,地点\" laundry, nursery, surgery(手术室) 4)ory,表示\"工作场所,住处\" factory, dormitory, laboratory, observatory
(4)带有学术,科技含义
1)grapy,表示\"……学,写法” biography, calligraphy, geography 2)ic, ics,表示\"……学……法\" logic, mechanics, optics, electronics 3)ology,表示\"……学……论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学) 4)nomy,表示\"……学……术\" astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学) 5)ery,表示\"学科,技术\" chemistry, cookery, machinery 6)y,表示\"……学,术,法” photography, philosophy
(5)表示人和事物的总和,集合含义
1)age, baggage, tonnage 2)dom, newspaperdom(新闻界) 3)hood, neighbourhood, womanhood 4)ery, cavalry, ministry(内阁) 5)ure, legislature, judicature
(6)表示物品和物质名称的含义
1)ant, ent, solvent, constant 2)al, signal, pictorial(画报) 3)ar, collar, pillar(石柱) 4) er, boiler, computer, washer, cooker 5)ery, drapery(绸缎) 6)ing, clothing, matting, 7)ment, instrument, equipment, attachment
(7)表示“细小”的含义
1)cle, particle, 2)cule, molecule(分子) 3)el, parcel 4)en, chicken, maiden 5)et, pocket, ticket 6)etta, ette, etto, cigarette, essayette(短文) 7)kin, napkin 8)ling, duckling, 9)let, booklet 10)y, baby, doggy
2.形容词后缀
(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义
1)able, ible, movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible 2)al, natural, additional, educational 3)an, ane, urban, suburban, republican 4)ant, ent, distant, important, excellent 5)ar, similar, popular, regular 6)ary, military, voluntary 7)ice, atie, ical, politic, systematic, historic, physical, 8)ine, masculine, feminine, marine 9)ing, moving, touching, daring 10)ish, foolish, bookish, selfish 11)ive, active, impressive, decisive 12)ory, satisfactory, compulsory 13)il, ile, eel, fragile, genteel(文雅的)
(2)表示“相象,类似”的含义
1)ish, boyish, childish 2)esque, picturesque 3)like, manlike, childlike 4)ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly 5)some, troublesome, handsome 6)y, milky, pasty
(3)表示“充分的”含义
1)ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful 2)ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various 3)ent, violent,
(4)表示由某种物质形成,制成或生产的含义
1)en, wooden, golden, woolen 2)ous, gaseous 3)fic, scientific
(5)表示方向的含义
1)ern, eastern, western 2)ward, downward, forward
(6)表示“倍数”的含义
1)ble, double, treble 2)ple, triple 3)fold, twofold, tenfold
(7)表示“数量关系”的含义
1)teen, thirteen 2)ty, fifty 3)th, fourth, fiftieth
(8)表示国籍,语种,宗教的含义
1)an, Roman, European 2)ese, Chinese, 3)ish, English, Spanish
(9)表示“比较程度”的含义
1)er, greater 2)ish, reddish, yellowish 3)est, highest 4)most, foremost, topmost
(10)其他的含义
less,表示否定,countless, stainless, wireless
3.动词后缀
1)ize, ise,表示\"做成,变成,……化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize 2)en,表示\"使成为,引起,使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden 3)fy,表示\"使……化,使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify 4)ish,表示\"使,令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish 5)ate,表示“成为……,处理,作用” separate, operate, indicate
4.副词后缀
1)ly, possibly, swiftly, simply 2)ward, wards, downward, inwards, upward 3)ways, always, sideways 4)wise, otherwise, clockwise
评论(0)